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NEW QUESTION # 27
Examine this command:
# auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p w -k pass
Which two statements are true upon execution?
- A. An audit rule is defined that creates a log entry every time /etc/passwd is read.
- B. A write occurs to /etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules.
- C. A write occurs to /etc/audit/audit.rules.
- D. An audit is defined that creates a log entry every time a write occurs to /etc/passwd.
- E. An audit rule is defined with the keyword pass.
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
* Option C (Correct):The-k passpart of theauditctlcommand defines a keyword (pass) for the audit rule.
This keyword helps in filtering and searching logs in the audit trail.
* Option D (Correct):The-w /etc/passwd -p wpart of the command sets up a watch on the/etc/passwdfile for write (w) operations. This audit rule will generate a log entry every time there is a write operation to
/etc/passwd.
* Option A (Incorrect):This command does not write directly to/etc/audit/rules.d/audit.rules; it defines a rule in memory that could be saved to this file later.
* Option B (Incorrect):The rule only logs write (w) operations; it does not log read operations.
* Option E (Incorrect):The command does not directly cause a write to/etc/audit/audit.rules.
Oracle Linux Reference:Refer to:
* OracleLinux 8: Auditing and System Logs
* man auditctlfor details on audit rules and options.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which is true about the /etc/sysconfig directory in an Oracle Linux 8 system?
- A. Files in this directory hierarchy contain information about running processes.
- B. Files in this directory hierarchy contain information about system hardware.
- C. It is used to access device and device driver information.
- D. Its contents depend on the packages installed on the system.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which mdadm command creates a RAID-1 device consisting of two block volumes and one spare device?
- A. mdadm -create /dev/md0 -level=5 -raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2 -spare-devices=1 /dev
/xvdd3 - B. mdadm -create /dev/md0 -level=1 -raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2 -spare-devices=1 /dev
/xvdd3 - C. mdadm -create /dev/md0 -level=1 -raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2
- D. mdadm -create /dev/md0 -level=0 -raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2 -spare-devices=1 /dev
/xvdd3
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct command to create a RAID-1 device (mirroring) consisting of two block volumes with one spare device is optionC:mdadm -create /dev/md0 -level=1 -raid-devices=2 /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2 -spare- devices=1 /dev/xvdd3.
* RAID Level 1:RAID-1, also known as mirroring, involves creating an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two or more disks. This ensures data redundancy; if one disk fails, the other can still provide the data.
* mdadm Command Structure:Themdadmcommand is used to manage and monitor RAID devices on Linux. To create a new RAID array, the--createoption is used, followed by several parameters:
* /dev/md0: The name of the RAID device to be created.
* --level=1: Specifies RAID level 1 (mirroring).
* --raid-devices=2: Indicates the number of active devices (two in this case) to be used in the RAID array.
* /dev/xvdd1 /dev/xvdd2: The two block devices that will form the RAID-1 array.
* --spare-devices=1 /dev/xvdd3: Specifies one spare device (/dev/xvdd3). A spare device is used to automatically replace a failed device in the RAID array.
* Option Analysis:
* A.Incorrect because it specifies RAID level 5 (--level=5), which requires at least three devices and does not match the requirement for RAID-1.
* B.Incorrect because it does not include the--spare-devices=1option, meaning there is no spare device included in this configuration.
* C.Correct as it specifies RAID-1 (--level=1), two active devices (--raid-devices=2), and one spare device (--spare-devices=1).
* D.Incorrect because it specifies RAID level 0 (--level=0), which is a striped set (no redundancy), not a mirrored set (RAID-1).
Oracle Linux Reference:For more detailed information aboutmdadmand RAID configurations in Oracle Linux
8, refer to the following Oracle Linux documentation:
* OracleLinux 8 Managing Storage Devices - RAID Configuration
* OracleLinux 8 mdadm Manual
These references provide comprehensive details on RAID levels,mdadmcommand syntax, and options for creating and managing RAID arrays in Oracle Linux.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Examine this command and output:
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Creation Time: Tue Oct 27 16:53:38 2020
Raid Level: raid5
Array Size: 207872 (203.03 MiB 212.86 MB)
Used Dev Size: 103936 (101.52 MiB 106.43 MB)
Raid Devices: 3
Total Devices: 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time: Tue Oct 27 16:53:38 2020
State: clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices: 2
Working Devices: 3
Failed Devices: 0
Spare Devices: 1
Layout: left-symmetric
Chunk Size: 512K
Rebuild Status: 60% complete
Name: ol8.example.com:0 (local to host ol8.example.com)
UUID: 70f8bd2f:0505d92d:750a781e:c224508d
Events: 66
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1
1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
3 8 81 2 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf1
Which two are true?
- A. An extra device was added to this RAID set to increase its size.
- B. A new RAID device was just added to replace a failed one.
- C. The RAID set read and write performance is currently sub-optimal.
- D. A RAID device failed and has returned to normal operating status.
- E. Only write performance is currently sub-optimal on this RAID set.
Answer: B,C
NEW QUESTION # 31
As root you configured a file system using AutoFS with default settings. In the first session, you changed to a directory under AutoFS control. In a second session, you changed to /etc. Now the idle time for the session expires. Which two statements are true about the status of the file system mounted in the first session?
- A. It remains mounted until you log out from the first session.
- B. It remains mounted as long as the system is running.
- C. It remains mounted until you switch to a directory outside the current mount point.
- D. It was unmounted from the first session when the timer expired.
- E. It was unmounted when the second session began.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Understanding AutoFS Behavior:
* AutoFSautomatically mounts file systems when accessed and unmounts them after a period of inactivity (default is 5 minutes).
* A file system remains mounted as long as it isactive, meaning processes are accessing files or directories within it.
Scenario Analysis:
* First Session:
* Changed to a directory under AutoFS control (mount point is active).
* Second Session:
* Changed to /etc (does not affect the first session).
* Idle Time Expires:
* AutoFS checks for idle mounts to unmount.
Implications:
* The mount point remainsactivebecause the shell in the first session is in the AutoFS directory.
* AutoFS willnotunmount the file system while it is active.
Oracle Linux Reference:
* OracleLinux 8: Configuring File Systems-Using the Automounter:
"A file system remains mounted as long as there are open files or directories within it." Correct Options:
* Option B:The file system remains mounted until you log out from the first session.
* Option E:The file system remains mounted until you switch to a directory outside the current mount point.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* Option A:Incorrect because the mount does not persist indefinitely; it's unmounted when no longer active.
* Option C:Incorrect because the mount is still active; the timer does not cause unmounting in this case.
* Option D:Incorrect because the second session does not influence the mount status in the first session.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which command produces human-readable timestamps in kernel ring buffer messages?
- A. dmesg -t
- B. dmesg -x
- C. dmesg -W
- D. dmesg -T
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 33
You must add an additional swap device and you add this entry to /etc/fstab:
/.swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
Examine these commands and output:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/.swapfile bs=1024 count=1048576
1048576+0 records in
1048576+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB, 1.0 GiB) copied, 4.32499 s, 248 MB/s
# swapon -a
swapon: /.swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
swapon: /.swapfile: read swap header failed
Which two actions must you perform to add this swap device?
- A. Initialize the .swapfile file by using the mkswap command.
- B. Assign a label to the .swapfile file by using the swaplabel command.
- C. Execute swapon -all.
- D. Execute swapon -L swapfile /.swapfile after adding a label.
- E. Change defaults to user in the /etc/fstab entry.
- F. Use a physical disk partition type of 82 (Linux swap).
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
To use a file as swap space, it must first be initialized with themkswapcommand. Theddcommand creates an empty file, butmkswapformats this file to be used as swap space. This command writes the necessary swap header to the file, making it recognizable by the system as a valid swap area.
Explanation of Answer D:After initializing the swap file withmkswap, you can optionally assign a label to the swap file using theswaplabelcommand. This is not strictly required, but it can be useful for identifying swap files, especially if you are using multiple swap devices.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which two methods of changing kernel parameters can you use to modify values for the running system?
- A. Issuing the sysctl -w command to write values to specific files in the /sys directory.
- B. Issuing the sysctl -w command to write values to specific files in the /proc/sys directory.
- C. Using the echo command to write values to specific files in the /sys directory.
- D. Adding to or modifying parameters and values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file followed by issuing the sysctl - p command.
- E. Using the echo command to write values to specific files in the /proc/sys directory.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Explanation of Answer A:Thesysctl -wcommand is used to modify kernel parameters at runtime. It allows you to set the value of a specific parameter in the/proc/sysdirectory. For example,sysctl -w net.ipv4.
ip_forward=1will enable IP forwarding by writing the value directly to the corresponding file in/proc/sys.
Explanation of Answer B:Using theechocommand to write values directly to specific files in the/proc
/sysdirectory is another method to change kernel parameters dynamically for the running system. For instance, echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forwardachieves the same effect as thesysctl -wcommand.
NEW QUESTION # 35
The ss command was invoked with options to:
* limit output to all listening and non-listening TCP ports
* display ports instead of the protocols that typically use those ports
* display all available internal TCP information
* display only connections whose source or destination port is 80
Which two results are produced by the command?
- A. tcp CLOSE-WAIT 32 0 server.example.com:44732 12.21.0.15:https
- B. UNCONN 0 0 [::1]:323 [::]:*
- C. icmp6 UNCONN 0 0 *:58 *:*
- D. ESTAB 0 0 10.12.18.92:50384 169.254.169.254:80 cubic wscale:9,7 rto:201 rtt: 0.226/0.113 ato:40 mss:8948 pmtu:9000 rcvmss:1728 advmss:8948 cwnd:10 bytes_sent:142 bytes_acked:143 bytes_received:1728 segs_out:4 segs_in:3 data_segs_out:1 data_segs_in:1 send 3167433628bps lastsnd:
11351 lastrcv: 11351 lastack:11351 pacing_rate 6334867256bps delivery_rate 504112672bps delivered:
2 app_limited rcv_space:62720 rcv_ssthresh:56588 minrtt:0.142 - E. LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* cubic cwnd:10
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Explanation of Answer C:Thesscommand can be used to display all available internal TCP information, including established connections with detailed TCP metrics, which matches the output in Answer C.
Explanation of Answer D:Thesscommand can display listening ports (TCP in this case) with details like congestion control algorithms (cubic), which aligns with Answer D. The output indicates a listening TCP socket on port 80.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which two statements are true about the Linux Auditing System?
- A. Auditing rules can log administrator attempts to access user home directories.
- B. Auditing system call rules can affect system performance depending on the amount of information that is logged.
- C. Auditing modes include permissive, enforcing, and disabled.
- D. Auditing can scan for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and automatically apply needed patches to a system.
- E. Auditing includes security policies, each of which includes security rules, or checks, which are checked when you run a security scan.
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which command configures a fully functional and accessible interface on VLAN 800?
- A. modprobe 8021q ip link add link eth0 name eth0.800 VLAN 800 ip address add 10.135.1.120/24 dev eth0.800 ip link set eth0.800 up
- B. modprobe 8021q ip address add 10.135.1.120/24 dev eth0.800 ip link set eth0.800 up
- C. modprobe 8021q ip link add link eth0 name eth0.800 type vlan id 800 ip address add 10.135.1.120/24 dev eth0.800 ip link set eth0.800 up
- D. modprobe 8021q ip link add link eth0 name eth0.800 type vlan id 800 ip link set eth0.800 up
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 38
Examine this content from /etc/chrony.conf:
...
pool pool.ntp.org offline
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
...
Which statement is true about pool.ntp.org?
- A. chronyd does not poll pool.ntp.org until it is enabled to do so by chronyc.
- B. chronyd polls a maximum of 3 sources from pool.ntp.org after it is enabled.
- C. chronyd takes pool.ntp.org offline automatically when sending a request to the pool fails.
- D. chronyd does not poll pool.ntp.org until it is enabled to do so by chronyd.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation of Answer D:The entrypool pool.ntp.org offlinein the/etc/chrony.conffile specifies that thechronydservice should not automatically poll the NTP pool servers atpool.ntp.orguntil it is explicitly enabled by thechronyccommand. This setting is typically used in environments where the network is not always available (e.g., laptops or isolated systems) to avoid unnecessary polling.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which takes precedence for ssh program configuration?
- A. /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- B. /etc/ssh/ssh_config
- C. Command line
- D. ~/.ssh/config
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which three statements are true about the journalctl command?
- A. journalctl -k shows kernel logs since the last boot.
- B. journalctl -p 6 shows all info log level messages and above.
- C. journalctl -bl -p err fails if journal persistence is not configured.
- D. journalctl -p notice..warning shows all messages from notice to warning log level since the last boot.
- E. journalctl -p err shows only error log level.
Answer: A,B,E
NEW QUESTION # 41
Examine this network configuration:
NAME="ens4"
DEVICE="ens4"
ONBOOT=no
NETBOOT=yes
IPV6INIT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.2.5
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.2.1
TYPE=Ethernet
Which two statements are true after executing nmcli con mod ens4 ipv4.method auto?
- A. ONBOOT value is set to dhcp.
- B. Interface ens4 automatically starts on boot.
- C. IPADDR value is considered null.
- D. ONBOOT value is set to yes.
- E. BOOTPROTO value is set to dhcp.
- F. Interface ens4 is assigned an IP address of 192.168.2.5.
Answer: D,E
NEW QUESTION # 42
Examine this udev device naming rule which gets processed successfully:
makefile
KERNEL=="hdb", DRIVER=="ide-disk", SYMLINK+="sparedisk"
Which two statements are true?
- A. Symbolic link /dev/sparedisk is created for a device named /dev/hdb or one that has an ide-disk device driver, whichever is discovered first.
- B. The matching device will have the kernel device name /dev/hdb.
- C. The matching device will be named /dev/sparedisk.
- D. Symbolic link /dev/sparedisk is created linking to /dev/hdb and with an ide-disk device driver, thus overwriting existing symbolic links.
- E. Symbolic link /dev/sparedisk is created for a device named /dev/hdb which has an ide-disk device driver if such a device is discovered.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Option C (Correct):If a device named/dev/hdbwith theide-diskdriver is discovered, a symbolic link/dev
/sparediskwill be created, pointing to/dev/hdb.
Option D (Correct):TheKERNEL=="hdb"match specifies that the device will have the kernel device name
/dev/hdb.
Option A (Incorrect):This is incorrect because existing symbolic links are not overwritten unless explicitly defined.
Option B (Incorrect):The device itself is not renamed to/dev/sparedisk; rather, a symbolic link is created.
Option E (Incorrect):The rule specifically requires bothKERNEL=="hdb"andDRIVER=="ide-disk"to match; it is not an either/or condition.
NEW QUESTION # 43
......
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